\let\jnl@style=\rm
\def\ref@jnl#1{{\jnl@style#1}}
\def\aj{\ref@jnl{AJ}}                   
\def\araa{\ref@jnl{ARA\&A}}             
\def\apj{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}                 
\def\apjl{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}                
\def\apjs{\ref@jnl{ApJS}}               
\def\ao{\ref@jnl{Appl.~Opt.}}           
\def\apss{\ref@jnl{Ap\&SS}}             
\def\aap{\ref@jnl{A\&A}}                
\def\aapr{\ref@jnl{A\&A~Rev.}}          
\def\aaps{\ref@jnl{A\&AS}}              
\def\azh{\ref@jnl{AZh}}                 
\def\baas{\ref@jnl{BAAS}}               
\def\jrasc{\ref@jnl{JRASC}}             
\def\memras{\ref@jnl{MmRAS}}            
\def\mnras{\ref@jnl{MNRAS}}             
\def\pra{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~A}}        
\def\prb{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~B}}        
\def\prc{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~C}}        
\def\prd{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~D}}        
\def\pre{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~E}}        
\def\prl{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~Lett.}}    
\def\pasp{\ref@jnl{PASP}}               
\def\pasj{\ref@jnl{PASJ}}               
\def\qjras{\ref@jnl{QJRAS}}             
\def\skytel{\ref@jnl{S\&T}}             
\def\solphys{\ref@jnl{Sol.~Phys.}}      
\def\sovast{\ref@jnl{Soviet~Ast.}}      
\def\ssr{\ref@jnl{Space~Sci.~Rev.}}     
\def\zap{\ref@jnl{ZAp}}                 
\def\nat{\ref@jnl{Nature}}              
\def\iaucirc{\ref@jnl{IAU~Circ.}}
\def\aplett{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Lett.}}
\def\apspr{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Space~Phys.~Res.}}
\def\bain{\ref@jnl{Bull.~Astron.~Inst.~Netherlands}}
\def\fcp{\ref@jnl{Fund.~Cosmic~Phys.}}
\def\gca{\ref@jnl{Geochim.~Cosmochim.~Acta}}
\def\grl{\ref@jnl{Geophys.~Res.~Lett.}}
\def\jcp{\ref@jnl{J.~Chem.~Phys.}}      
\def\jgr{\ref@jnl{J.~Geophys.~Res.}}    
\def\jqsrt{\ref@jnl{J.~Quant.~Spec.~Radiat.~Transf.}}
\def\memsai{\ref@jnl{Mem.~Soc.~Astron.~Italiana}}
\def\nphysa{\ref@jnl{Nucl.~Phys.~A}}
\def\physrep{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rep.}}
\def\physscr{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Scr}}
\def\planss{\ref@jnl{Planet.~Space~Sci.}}
\def\procspie{\ref@jnl{Proc.~SPIE}}
\let\astap=\aap
\let\apjlett=\apjl
\let\apjsupp=\apjs
\let\applopt=\ao
\def\phn{\phantom{0}}
\def\phd{\phantom{.}}
\def\phs{\phantom{$-$}}
\def\phm#1{\phantom{#1}}
\def\sun{\hbox{$\odot$}}
\def\earth{\hbox{$\oplus$}}
\def\lesssim{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{\lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$<$}}}}
\def\gtrsim{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{\lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$>$}}}}
\def\sq{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
\def\arcdeg{\hbox{$^\circ$}}
\def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}}
\def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\fd{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}}
\def\fh{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm h}$}}
\def\fm{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm m}$}}
\def\fs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm s}$}}
\def\fdg{\hbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}}
\def\farcm{\hbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}}
\def\farcs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\fp{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\rm p}$}}
\def\micron{\hbox{$\mu$m}}
\let\la=\lesssim                        
\let\ga=\gtrsim
\def\case#1#2{\hbox{$\frac{#1}{#2}$}}
\def\slantfrac#1#2{\hbox{$\,^#1\!/_#2$}}
\def\onehalf{\slantfrac{1}{2}}
\def\onethird{\slantfrac{1}{3}}
\def\twothirds{\slantfrac{2}{3}}
\def\onequarter{\slantfrac{1}{4}}
\def\threequarters{\slantfrac{3}{4}}
\def\ubvr{\hbox{$U\!BV\!R$}}            
\def\ub{\hbox{$U\!-\!B$}}               
\def\bv{\hbox{$B\!-\!V$}}               
\def\vr{\hbox{$V\!-\!R$}}               
\def\ur{\hbox{$U\!-\!R$}}               
\def\ion#1#2{#1$\;${\small\rm\@Roman{#2}}\relax}
\def\nodata{ ~$\cdots$~ }
\newcount\lecurrentfam
\def\LaTeX{\lecurrentfam=\the\fam \leavevmode L\raise.42ex
\hbox{$\fam\lecurrentfam\scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$}\kern-.15em\TeX}
\def\sizrpt{
(\fontname\the\font): em=\the\fontdimen6\font, ex=\the\fontdimen5\font
\typeout{
(\fontname\the\font): em=\the\fontdimen6\font, ex=\the\fontdimen5\font
}}



